Studies on the Codling Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Response to Different Codlemone Release Rates

[EN] The response of the codling moth (Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)) to different emission values of its main pheromone component, 8E,10E-dodecadien-1-ol (codlemone), was investigated in three field trials conducted in plots without mating disruption treatments. Moth catches obtained in traps baited with pheromone dispensers were correlated with the corresponding codlemone release rates by multiple regression analysis. In a preliminary trial conducted in Lleida (NE Spain), a decreasing trend of captures was observed based on increasing pheromone levels. After this, the pheromone release profiles of the pheromone dispensers were studied, in parallel with the field trials, by residual codlemone extraction and gas chromatography quantification. In the trials carried out in Asturias (NW Spain), a correlation between trap catches and emission levels (within the range from 11 to 1,078 microg/d) was found and fitted a logarithmic model. Captures followed a decreasing linear trend in the range of emission rates from 11 to 134 microg/d. Given that release values comprised between 11 and 67 mcrog/d did not lead to significantly different catches in traps, this emission range could be considered to develop effective formulations for attraction purposes when mating disruption is not acting in the environment.Vacas González, S.; Miñarro, M.; Bosch, M.; Primo Millo, J.; Navarro Llopis, V. (2013). Studies on the Codling Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Response to Different Codlemone Release Rates. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY. 42(6):1383-1389. doi:10.1603/EN13114S1383138942

Bioremoval of Phenol from Aqueous Solutions Using Native Caribbean Seaweed

Among several Puerto Rican algae, Sargassum sp. (SG) and Chaetomorpha (CM) showed the highest phenol adsorption capacity from aqueous solutions and were used in optimized adsorption batch experiments at room temperature. The effects of pH, adsorbent dose, phenol concentration, salinity and presence of interfering substances were evaluated. Initial solution pH exhibited a strong effect, mainly on the phenol aqueous chemistry; showing the maximum adsorption at pH 10. Sorption isotherm results were modelled according to the Langmuir, Tempkin and Freundlich equations. Isotherm modelling indicated a maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) of 82.10 and 17.7 mg of phenol per gram of SG and CM, respectively. Salinity and presence of detergent in the matrix solution showed a positive effect on the adsorption, suggesting that adsorption of phenol was mostly driven by polar forces and not by ionic exchange. On the other hand, presence of heavy metals like copper, lead and cobalt had a negative effect on the adsorption. According to these results, the potential formation of hydrogen bonds between the algae and phenol is proposed as the main adsorption mechanism. These results provide further insight into the adsorption mechanism of phenol and their use as inexpensive adsorbents for the treatment of phenol-containing wastewaters

Clinical and Resource Utilization Patterns in Patients with Refractory Neuropathic Pain Prescribed Pregabalin for the First Time in Routine Medical Practice in Primary Care Settings in Spain

Abstract Context and Objective. To describe clinical and resource utilization patterns in patients with refractory neuropathic pain (NeP) who were prescribed pregabalin for the first time in routine medical practice in primary care settings. Methods. Post-hoc analysis of a 12-week prospective observational study including pregabalin naïve adult patients with refractory chronic NeP of at least 6-months duration. Self-reported pain intensity, disability, sleep disturbances, symptoms of anxiety and depression, disability, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), health care resource utilization, and corresponding costs were assessed in this post-hoc analysis. Results. One thousand three hundred fifty-four patients were enrolled in the study, and three treatment groups were identified: 1) 598 patients replaced prior pain treatments with pregabalin as monotherapy; 2) 589 added pregabalin to their existing pain treatments; and 3) 167 other pain treatments were prescribed according with physician routine medical practice. Statistically significant differences were reported at baseline for intensity of pain, patient disability, severity of depressive symptoms, and HRQoL (P < 0.01 in all cases). No statistically significant differences were reported among the three treatment groups for anxiety bs_bs_banner Pain Medicine 2013; 14: 1954-1963 1954 severity or sleep disturbances. Subjects who received add-on pregabalin had greater use of direct and indirect resources vs the other groups, resulting in significantly higher quarterly overall costs per patient: €2,397 (2,308), €2,470 (1,857), and €3,110 (2,496), respectively (P < 0.001). Conclusion. These findings suggest that primary care physicians chose pregabalin as an option for treating refractory patients who tended to have much more severe NeP profiles, costing society more than when they chose other therapeutic strategies not including pregabalin

Manufacturing with light - micro-assembly of opto-electronic microstructures

Optical micromanipulation allows the movement and patterning of discrete micro-particles within a liquid environment. However, for manufacturing applications it is desirable to remove the liquid, leaving the patterned particles in place. In this work, we have demonstrated the use of optoelectronic tweezers (OET) to manipulate and accurately assemble Sn62Pb36Ag2 solder microspheres into tailored patterns. A technique based on freeze-drying technology was then developed that allows the assembled patterns to be well preserved and fixed in place after the liquid medium in the OET device is removed. After removing the liquid from the OET device and subsequently heating the assembled pattern and melting the solder microspheres, electrical connections between the microspheres were formed, creating a permanent conductive bridge between two isolated metal electrodes. Although this method is demonstrated with 40 µm diameter solder beads arranged with OET, it could be applied to a great range of discrete components from nanowires to optoelectronic devices, thus overcoming one of the basic hurdles in using optical micromanipulation techniques in a manufacturing micro-assembly setting

Hsp90 orchestrates transcriptional regulation by Hsf1 and cell wall remodelling by MAPK signalling during thermal adaptation in a pathogenic yeast

Acknowledgments We thank Rebecca Shapiro for creating CaLC1819, CaLC1855 and CaLC1875, Gillian Milne for help with EM, Aaron Mitchell for generously providing the transposon insertion mutant library, Jesus Pla for generously providing the hog1 hst7 mutant, and Cathy Collins for technical assistance.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Formats: Abstract | Full Text | PDF (149K) Can J Infect Dis

Abstract OBJECTIVE: To discuss the occurrence of genital chlamydia in developed countries and review the literature assessing the potential risk factors for this sexually transmitted disease. DATA SOURCES: A MEDLINE search was performed for all English citations from 1985 to 2000 that contain the keywords "Chlamydia trachomatis", "chlamydial infections", "risk factors" and "sex behaviour". All relevant references cited in articles that were obtained from the search were also included. DATA EXTRACTION: All articles obtained from the above sources were examined, and were included in the review if they met the following criteria: primary study examining sociodemographic or behavioural risk factors associated with genital chlamydial infection using multivariate analysis; study subjects 12 years of age and older; and study setting in a developed country. DATA SYNTHESIS AND CONCLUSIONS: Genital chlamydial infection has become the most commonly reported bacterial infection in North America over the past decade. Thirty-eight cross-sectional studies and six cohort studies were included in the present review. Most studies demonstrated that young men and women are at higher risk of being infected with chlamydia than older subjects. Chlamydia seems to be found in a diverse group of people, and unlike gonorrhea, is not concentrated in low income, minority core groups with high rates of partner change. However, a number of studies have shown that communities with well-established control programs are beginning to demonstrate this pattern. There is no clear evidence that chlamydia is associated with type of partners, contraceptive use, or age at first intercourse. Future research should follow this sexually transmitted disease as it evolves through the epidemiological stages to ensure that preventive and treatment services are reaching those people who are most likely to be infected

Human helminth therapy to treat inflammatory disorders - where do we stand?

Parasitic helminths have evolved together with the mammalian immune system over many millennia and as such they have become remarkably efficient modulators in order to promote their own survival. Their ability to alter and/or suppress immune responses could be beneficial to the host by helping control excessive inflammatory responses and animal models and pre-clinical trials have all suggested a beneficial effect of helminth infections on inflammatory bowel conditions, MS, asthma and atopy. Thus, helminth therapy has been suggested as a possible treatment method for autoimmune and other inflammatory disorders in humans

Invasive hemodynamic parameters in patients with hepatorenal syndrome.

Background: Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS), a form of kidney dysfunction frequent in cirrhotic patients, is characterized by low filling pressures and impaired kidney perfusion due to peripheral vasodilation and reduced effective circulatory volume. Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS), driven by renal venous hypertension and elevated filling pressures, is a separate cause of kidney dysfunction in cirrhotic patients. The two entities, however, have similar clinical phenotypes. To date, limited invasive hemodynamic data are available to help distinguish the primary forces behind worsened kidney function in cirrhotic patients. Objective: Our aim was to analyze invasive hemodynamic profiles and kidney outcomes in patients with cirrhosis who met criteria for HRS. Methods: We conducted a single center retrospective study among cirrhotic patients with worsening kidney function admitted for liver transplant evaluation between 2010 and 2020. All met accepted criteria for HRS and underwent concurrent right heart catheterization (RHC). Results: 127 subjects were included. 79 had right atrial pressure \u3e10 mmHg, 79 had wedge pressure \u3e15 mmHg, and 68 had both. All patients with elevated wedge pressure were switched from volume loading to diuretics resulting in significant reductions between admission and post diuresis creatinine values (2.0 [IQR 1.5-2.8] vs 1.5 [IQR 1.2-2.2]; p = 0.003). Conclusion: 62% of patients diagnosed with HRS by clinical criteria have elevated filling pressures. Improvement of renal function after diuresis suggests the presence of CRS physiology in these patients. Invasive hemodynamic data profiling can lead to meaningful change in management of cirrhotic patients with worsened kidney function, guiding appropriate therapies based on filling pressures

Fibrin Sealants and Axillary Lymphatic Morbidity. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 23 Clinical Randomized Trials

Background: use of fibrin sealants following pelvic, paraaortic, and inguinal lymphadenec- tomy may reduce lymphatic morbidity. The aim of this meta-analysis is to evaluate if this finding applies to the axillary lymphadenectomy. Methods: randomized trials evaluating the efficacy of fibrin sealants in reducing axillary lymphatic complications were included. Lymphocele, drainage output, surgical-site complications, and hospital stay were considered as outcomes. Results: twenty-three randomized studies, including patients undergoing axillary lymphadenectomy for breast cancer, melanoma, and Hodgkin’s disease, were included. Fibrin sealants did not affect axillary lymphocele incidence nor the surgical site complications. Drainage output, days with drainage, and hospital stay were reduced when fibrin sealants were applied (p < 0.0001, p < 0.005, p = 0.008). Conclusion: fibrin sealants after axillary dissection reduce the total axillary drainage output, the duration of drainage, and the hospital stay. No effects on the incidence of postoperative lymphocele and surgical site complications rate are found

Evolución de las enfermedades transmisibles en pacientes extranjeros en la ciudad de Valencia. 2001-2010.

El impacto del fenómeno migratorio iniciado en la última década del siglo XX, nos ha llevado de una población extranjera de 801.329 individuos en 1.999 a cifras de 791.232 en 2.009. Ello ha dado lugar a la publicación de numerosos estudios sobre la utilización de recursos sanitarios, la problemática psicológica, la fecundidad del colectivo y, principalmente, las patologías infecciosas dada la creencia de que las enfermedades transmisibles suponían un riesgo importado para la población española. En 2003 publicamos la frecuentación hospitalaria y el impacto de las enfermedades infecciosas en inmigrantes, el objeto de este trabajo ha sido determinar la frecuentación hospitalaria debida a enfermedades infecciosas y/o parasitarias, tras 10 años del primer estudio. Se desarrolló un estudio observacional longitudinal retrospectivo de motivos de ingreso y diagnósticos al alta de la población inmigrante hospitalizada en la ciudad de Valencia para el periodo 01/01/2006 a 31/12/2010. Se recuperaron 7.212 altas de procesos infecciosos 13.07%), 2.995 enfermedades transmisibles (5,43%). Los pacientes por origen fueron americano (35,83%), europeo (28,55%) y africano (21,60%), lo que representa un aumento importante de la población de África subsahariana con respecto al año 2001. El primer diagnóstico nos permitió ordenar los procesos como tuberculosis (27,62%), paludismo (13,58%), el VIH (10,86%) y la hepatitis (7,81%).Los procesos infecciosos y las enfermedades transmisibles han disminuido en valores absolutos a lo largo de la década 2001-2010, posiblemente por el descenso de las diferencias en el patrón cultural de la población a lo largo de los años de permanencia en España. No obstante, han aumentado en valores absolutos los pacientes del África subsahariana en los que las enfermedades infecciosas representan el 11,43% de las altas